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Labberton 
Historical  Atlas 


AN 


HISTORICAL  ATLAS 


CONTAINING  A  CHRONOLOGICAL  SERIES  OF 


ONE    HUNDRED   MAPS, 


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BY 


EOBERT  H.  LABBERTON. 


PHILADELPHIA: 
CLAXTON,  REMSEN   &  HAFFELFINGER, 

NOS.  819  &  821  MARKET  STREET. 
1873. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1871,  by 

CLAXTON,  REMSEN  &  HAFFELFINGER, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 

STKBKOTTl'Kli   I)Y  J.   FAGAN  t   SON,   PHILADELPHIA. 


1630 


PREFACE. 


TT1VERT 

-*—*    1H-11SU 


VERY  student  of  History  finds  an  Historical  Atlas  indis- 
pensable to  Ms  pursuits.  The  advantages  derived  from 
such  a  work  are  at  present  fully  admitted.  It  is  acknowledged, 
without  exception,  that  without  its  aid  History  can  neither  be 
thoroughly  taught  nor  perfectly  understood. 

All  teachers  of  History  have  long  felt  the  want  of  a  collection 
of  maps,  exhibiting  at  a  glance  the  successive  changes  in  the  distribu- 


tion of  States  with  their  attendant  alterations  of  frontier;    in  other 

WOrds,  Of  A    TRULY    PICTORIAL    HISTORY. 

The  object  of  this  work  is  to  supply  this  long-felt  deficiency, 
by  offering  to  teachers  and  students  a  connected  Series  of  Maps, 
prepared  expressly  to  illustrate  the  leading  events  of  History  from 

THE    EARLIEST    AGES    TO    THE    PRESENT    TIME. 

ROBERT  II.  LABBERTOX. 
Philadelphia,  July,  1871. 


866009 


r 


ANALYTICAL  TABLE  OF  CONTEXTS. 


TWELVE  MAPS  ILLUSTRATING  EASTERN  HISTORY. 


I.     1.  The  First  Progressive  Map  — Chaldcean  Ascendency ;  showing    | 
,f.  The  Chaldaean  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent,  (blue.) 

b,  The  Northern  and  Southern  tetrarehy. 

c,  The  course  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris. 

d,  The  course  of  the  Nile  from  the  Victoria  Nyanza  to  the  Mediterra- 

nean, showing  its  affluents,  cataracts,  and  the  Delta. 

2.  The  Field  of  the  Pyramids,  (from  an  actual  survey ;)  showing 

a.  The  bifurcation  of  the  Nile  and  the  bluffs. 

b.  The  exact  situation  of  Memphis,  Cairo,  Old  Cairo,  and  Gizeh. 

c.  The  exact  position  of  the  great  pyramid,  sphinx,  etc. 

II.     ?..  The  Second  Progressive  Map.— Egyptian  Ascendency;  showing 
The  Egyptian  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent. 

4.  The  Ruins  of  Thebes,  (from  an  actual  survey.) 

III.  5.   The  Third  Progressive  Map. —  Assyrian  Ascendency;  showing 

a,  The  Assyrian  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent. 

b,  The  six  great  Phoenician  towns,  and  the  principal  Phoenician  colonies. 

c,  The  beginnings  of  Home. 

fi.   Nineveh,  (from  an  actual  survey.) 

IV.  7.  The  Holy  Land  and  Lower  Egypt ;  showing 

fl.  The  Delta,  with  the  seven  arms  of  the  Nile. 
b,  Joseph's  Canal,  Lakes  Moeris  and  Arsinoe. 


c,  The  land  of  Goshen,  with  the  bitter  lakes  and  the  canal  from  the 

Nile  to  the  Red  Sea. 

d,  The  route  of  the  Israelites  from  Goshen  vii  Sinai,  to  Jericho. 

e,  The  exact  situation  of  the  twelve  tribes  of  Israel. 

f,  Tlie  Empire  of  David  and  Solomon. 
ff,  The  kingdoms  of  Judah  and  Israel. 

h,  Phoenicia,  with  the  precise  position  of  the  Phoenician  cities. 

8.  Jerusalem,  (from  an  actual  survey.) 

V.     9.  The  Fourth  Progressive  Map. — The  Four  Great  Powers;  showing 

(7,  The  division  of  Western  Asia  (after  the  fall  of  Nineveh  i  into  Lydiu, 

Media,  Babylonia,  and  Egypt. 
4,  The  position  of  Ionia,  Greece,  and  Great  Greece.        » 
c,  The  beginnings  of  Carthage,  Syracuse,  and  Rome. 

10.   Babylon,  (from  an  actual  survey.) 

VI.  11.  The  Fifth  Progressive  Map.  — Persian  Ascendency;    showing 

a.  The  Persian  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent. 

b.  The  march  of  Darius  I.  from  Sardes  to  Scythia. 

c.  The  march  of  the  Ten  Thousand  from  Sardes  to  Cunaxi.  and   their 

return  from  Cunaxa  to  the  Bosporus. 

d.  The   three  decisive  battle-fields    (Granicus.   Issus.   and   Arbela)  on 

which  the  Persian  Empire  was  destroyed. 
12.  The  Ruins  of  Susa,  [from  an  actual  survey.) 


NINE  MAPS  ILLUSTRATING  GREEK  HISTORY. 


VII.      13.    Hellas,  (the  countries  set/led  by  the  Hellenes  ;)  showing 

a,  The  North-Eastern  coasts  of  the  Mediterranean  from  the  Black 

Sea  to  the  Tuscan  Sea. 
6,  The  Propontis,  with  the  Hellespont  and  Bosporus. 

c,  The  Western  coast  of  Asia  Minor,   with   the   principal  ,'Eolian, 

Ionian,  and  Dorian  colonies. 

d.  The  JEgse&n  Sea  with  its  islands,  (Cyclades  and  Sporades.) 

c  The  great  divisions  of  Greece  with  its  ethnological  diversities. 
/,  The  Greek  colonies  in  Southern  Italy  and  Sicily. 


14.  The  Field  of  Troy. 

VIII.  15.  Hellas  and  Peloponnesus  ;  showing 

a.  The  subdivisions  of  Hellas  and  Peloponnesus. 
6,  The  historical  places  and  battle-fields. 

Kemarh:  —  Stmts  =  Gulf,  anil  Mart  =  &a. 

16.  Plan  of  Sparta  and  its  Neighborhood. 

17.  Plan  of  Thebes  and  its  Neighborhood 


ANALYTICAL  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


IX. 


18.  Plan  of  Athens  and  its  Neighborhood. 

19.  Plan  of  Corinth  and  its  Neighborhood. 

20.  The  Sixth  Progressive  Map. — Hellenic  Ascendency  ;  showing 

a.  The  Empire  of  Alexander  the  Great. 


A,  The  route  of  Alexander  to  India. 

c.  The  Stales  sprung  from  Alexander's  Empire,  300  B.C. 

d,  The  compact  Roman  domain,  300  B.  c,  [colored  yellow.) 

21.  Plan  of  Alexandria,  [from  an  actual  survey.) 


TWENTY-SEVEN  MAPS  ILLUSTRATING  ROMAN  HISTORY. 


X.   22.  Italy  during  the  Regal  Period. 

23.  Enlarged  Map  of  Latium  during  the  Regal  Period. 

24.  The  Original  Roman  Domain,  (Ager  Romanus.) 

XI.      20.  Italy  from  the  beginning  of  the  Samnite  Wars  to  the  begin- 
ning of  the  Punic  'Wars;  showing 

a,  The  earliest  boundaries  of  the  great  armed  confederacy  led  by 

Rome,  {colored yellow.) 
b\  The  exact  boundaries  of  Italy  proper,  (indicated  by  yellow  lines.) 

c,  Gaul,  south  of  the  Alps  (red),  Liguria  (green),  and  Istria  (purple). 

d,  The  maritime  fortresses,  or  burgess-colonies. 

e,  The  military  roads,  with  the  road-fortresses,  (Latin  colonies.) 

The   Principal  Theatre    of  'War  during  the   early  Samnite 

Wars;  showing 
a.  The  bay  of  Naples  with  its  islands,  the  Vesuvius,  and  Hercula- 

neuin  and  Pompeii. 
A,  The  battle-fields  of  the  Samnite  wars. 

Plan  of  the  City  and  Harbor  of  Tarentum. 

Rome  and  Carthage  on  the  eve  of  and  during  the  First  Punic 

War;  showing 
a,  The  situation  and  territorial  extent  of  Rome  (yellow)  and  Car- 

tiinL"'  (Hut)  on  the  eve  of  the  great  struggle. 
A,  The  principal  battle-fields  of  the  first  Punic  war. 

Rome  and  Carthage  at  the  end  of  the  First  Punic  War. 

Rome  and  Carthage  on  the  eve  of  and  during  the  Second 

Punic  War ;  showing 
a.  The  Empire  of  the  Barcidas  in  Spain. 
A,  The  situation  and  territorial  extent  of  Rome  (yellow)  and  Carthage 

i  bilk  ,  on  the  eve  of  the  second  Punic  war. 
r.  The  march  Of  Hannibal  from  Carthago  Nuva  to  the  Trasimcnus. 
d,  The  principal  battle-fields  of  the  second  Punic  war. 

31 .  Rome  and  Carthage  at  the  end  of  the  Second  Punic  War. 


XII. 


20. 


27. 
28. 


29, 

30. 


XIII.  32.  Hannibal's  Route  from  the   Rhone  to  the  Apennines. 

33.  Plan  of  the  City  and  Harbor  of  Carthage. 

34.  Plan  of  the  City  and  Harbor  of  Syracuse. 

35.  The  Western  Basin  of  the  Mediterranean  at  the  close  of  the 

Punic  Wars,  (146  B.C.) 

30.  The  Western  Basin  of  the  Mediterranean  a  century  after  the 
close  of  the  Punic  Wars,  (50  B.  C.) 

XIV.  37.  The    Eastern  Basin  of  the  Mediterranean   during  the   two 

centuries  preceding  the  birth  of  Christ;  showing 

a,  Macedonia  from  the  death  of  Alexander  to  the  Roman  Conquest. 

b,  The    three  "fetters  of  the  Hellenes,"  —  Demetrias,    Chalcis,  and 

Corinth. 

c,  The  JEtolian  and  Achaean  confederacies. 

d,  Pergamus  before  and  after  190  B.  c. 

e,  The  great  battle-fields  of  the  Grreco-Rosnan  wars. 

38.  Western  Asia  in  the  Times  of  Mithradates ;  showing 

u.  The  Empire  of  Mithradates,  yblue.) 

b.  The  Empire  of  Tigranes  (yellow),  and  Parthia  (green). 

c.  The  Roman  province  of  Asia,  (yellow  lines.) 

39.  The  Surroundings  of  Lake  Copais,  in  Bceotia,  'with  Eubcea 

and  the  Euripus  ;  showing 

The  principal  theatre  of  war  in  the  first  Mithradatic  war. 

XV.    40.  The    Seventh     Progressive    Map.  —  Roman    Ascendency; 
showing 

a.  The  Roman  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent. 
A,  The  Parthian  Empire. 

41.  Plan  of  the  City  of  Rome  ;  showing 
a.  The  seven  bills  of  Home. 
A,  The  original  settlement,  (white.) 

c,  The  city  and  wall  ofServiua  Tullius,  (j/rllow.) 

d,  The  city  and  wall  of  Aurclian,  with  its  gates,  (yellow  lint- .) 

e,  The  five  bridges. 


ANALYTICAL  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


vu 


42.  Enlarged  Map  of  the  Capitoline  Hill,  Fora,  etc. ;  showing  the 
most  celebrated  buildings  and  monuments. 

XVI.  43.  The  Roman  Empire  until  395  A.  D. ;  showing 

a.  The  names  of  all  the  provinces  with  the  years  of  conquest. 

6,  The  relative  position  of  the  Christian  and  heathen  world  during 

the  fourth  century. 
c,  The  division  of  the  Empire  in  395  A.  D. 


XVII. 


44.  The  Bosporus  and  Constantinople. 

45.  Gaul  before  the  Roman  Conquest. 
40.  Gaul  after  the  Roman  Conquest. 

47.  Italy  during  the  Empire;  showing  the  fourteen  districts. 

48.  Division  and  Subdivision  of  the  Roman  Empire  since  395. 


SIXTEEN  MAPS  ILLUSTRATING  MEDIEVAL  HISTORY. 


XVIII.  49.  Europe  and  Western  Asia  about  500  A.  D. ;  showing  the 
Ostrogothic,  Visigothic,  Merovingian,  Vandalian,  and  Byzan- 
tine Empires. 

XIX.  50.  The  Empire  of  the  Franks  under  Clovis,  in  507  A.  D.  ;  show- 
ing the  relative  positions  of  the  Salic  and  Ripuarian  Franks. 
51.  The  Division  of  the  Frankish  Empire,  in  567  A.  D.,  into 
Neustria,   with   Aquitania,   Austrasia,  and    Burgundy, 

(to  illustrate  the  times  of  Brunehilda  and  Fredegonda.J 

XX.    52.  The  Eighth  Progressive  Map. — Arabic  Ascendency;  showing 
0,  The  Arabic  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent. 

b,  The  world  at  the  beginning  of  the  eighth  century.     (Christianity 

on  the  point  of  being  crushed  by  the  Moslems.) 

c,  The  four  Christian  Empires,  (Byzantine,  Longobardian,  Merovingian, 

and  Anglo-Xaxon.) 

53.  Plan  of  the  City  of  Damascus,  the  Capital  of  the  Ommaiad 
Caliphs. 

XXI.    54.  The  Empire  of  Charlemagne  and  its  Division  in  843  A.  D. ; 

showing 

a,  The  Empire  of  Charlemagne  and  its  division  into  Neustria,  Lor- 

raine, and  Austrasia,  (bli/e.) 

b,  The  Byzantine  Empire  and  the  Caliphates  of  Bagdad  and  Cordova. 

XXII.  55.  The  British  Islands  during  the  Saxon,  Norman,  and  early 

Plantagenet  Periods;  showing 

a,  The  Saxon  (blue)  and  Celtic  (yellow)  parts  of  the  British  Islands. 

b,  The  Saxon  kingdoms  in  England. 

c,  The  English  battle-fields  from  the  beginning  of  the  eighth  to  the 

end  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
5G.  South-Eastern  Scotland  the  principal  scene  of  the  Anglo- 
Scotch  Struggle. 

XXIII.  57.  The  World  about  the  middle  of  the  Tenth  Century  ;  showing 

a,  The  Empire  of  Otto  the  Great  divided  into  its  duchies,  (blue.) 


b,  The  Byzantine  Empire,  (yellow.) 

c.  The  Burgundian  or  Arelatian  kingdom,  (purple.) 

d.  Francia  (red),  with  the  great  duchies  of  Neustria.  (red  lines.) 

e,  The  Caliphate  of  Cordova  (green),  with  the  Christian  States  in 

Spain,  (Leon,  Castile,  and  Pampeluna.) 

XXIV.  58.   The  Age  of  the  Crusades  ;  showing 

a,  The  possessions  of  the  Plantagenets  in  1160,  (blue  lines.) 

b,  Franre.  i  red  \ 

c,  The  German  Empire  of  Barbarossa.  i blue.) 

d,  Poland,  Hungary,  and  Servia,  (In, 

e,  The  remnant  of  the  Byzantine  Empire,  (yellow.) 

f,  The  Eastern  Caliphate,   with   the  Empire  of  lconium  and   the 

dominion  of  the  Ayoubites,  (green  lines.) 

g,  The  Western  Caliphate   (green),  with  the  five  Christian    S 

(Portugal,    Leon,   Castile,    Navarre,    and    Arragon)    in    t lie 
Spanish  peninsula. 
k.  The  Christian  States  on  the  Syrian  coast,  (blue.) 
69.  The  Christian  States  in  the  East,  in  1142.  A  D. :  showing 
the  four  States  founded  by  the  Crusaders    Jerusalem,  Tripo- 
lis.  Antiochia,  and  Edessa),  with   the  native  Christian  king- 
dom of  Armenia  (blue  . 
XXV.    CO.  The  Hohenstaufen  and  the  Guelphs.  about  1170  A.  D  ,  to 
illustrate  the  struggle  between  Barbarossa  and  Henry 
the  Lion  ;   showing 

a.  The  German  duchies  in  the  latter  part  of  the  twelfth  century. 

b,  The  possessions  of  the  Iloheustaut'eu  (blue),  and  thi 

of  the  Guelphs  (yellow]. 
61.  The  North-Eastern  and  Southern  Parts  cf  France,  to  illus- 
trate the  Crusade  against  the  Albigeuses  :  - 
a,  The  situation  of  the  three  celebrated  Benedictine  monasteries 

of  Cluny.  Citeaux,  and  Clairveaux. 
4,  The  possessions  of  Raymond  of  Toulouse  which  were  granted 
to  Simon  de  Montfort,  (blue.) 


ANALYTICAL  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


62a.  The  Latin  Empire  and  the  Christian  States  in  the  East. 
a,  The  Greek  Empires  of  Nicasa  an'l  Trebizond,  (yellow.) 
I.  The  Latin  Empire  with  its  feudal  States,  (blue.) 

c.  The  Venetian  possessions  in  the  East,  (green.) 

d,  The  Turkish  Empire  of  Iconium. 


62b.  The  Remains  of  the  Kingdom  of  Jerusalem  in  1204. 
XXVI.    63.  The  Empire  of  Frederick  II. ;  showing 

{/.  The  German  Empire  during  the  first  halt'  of  the  13th  century,  (bl.'y 

b,  The  hereditary  possessions  of  Emperor  Frederick  II.,  (green.) 

c,  The  remnant  of  the  Empire  of  Henry  the  Lion,  (yellow.) 


FIFTY-TWO  MAPS  ILLUSTRATING  MODERN  HISTORY. 


XXVI.  01.   England  ana  Trance  during  the  Anglo-French  Struggle. 

a,  England  (blue  lines)  and  France,  (red. ) 

b,  The  countries  claimed  by  England,  (red  lines.) 

c,  The  portion  ceded  to  England  by  the  peace  of  Bre'tigny. 

d,  The  possessions  of  Philip  the  Bold,  founder  of  the  second  (or 

great)  Burgundian  house,  (green  lines.) 

e,  All  the  battle-fields  and  historical  places  of  the  Anglo-French 

struggle  and  of  the  War  of  the  Roses. 

XXVII.  65.  The  Burgundian  Dominion  of  Charles  the  Bold;  showing 

a,  The  countries  directly  ruled  by  Charles  the  Bold,  (green.) 

b,  The  countries  which  had  once  formed  a  part  of  the  Burgun- 

dian dominion,  (green  border.) 

c,  The  position  of  the  Burgundian  dominion,  belonging  partly  to 

France  and  partly  to  the  Empire,  (indicated  by  a  yellow-blue 
line,  which  shores  the  boundary  between  France  and  the  Empire.) 

d,  Lorraine,  being  also  partly  a  French  fief  (indicated  by  yellow 

lines)  and  partly  a  German  fief  (indicated  by  blue  lines). 

e,  The  position  of  Lorraine,  dividing  the  Northern  realms  of 

Charles  from  his  Southern  possessions. 

Central  Switzerland.  —  The  scene  of  the  Swiss  Struggle 
against  Habsburg  ;  showing  t lie  position  of  the  cradle 
oj  the  Habsburg  race  (Castle  Habsburg),  the  original  Habs- 
burg domains,  and  the  famous  battle-fields. 

XXVIII.  67.  'Western  Eurcpe  about  1400  A.  D.;  showing 

a,  The  English  realm,  with  the  English  possessions  in  France. 

b,  Aquitaine,  (red  lines.) 

e.  The  French  realm  (red),  with  the  possessions  of  the  house  of 

Anjou  during  the  fifteenth  century,  (red  villi  black  lines.) 
d,  The  Burgundian  dominion  of  John  the  Fearless,  (green  lines.) 
t.  The  house  of  Luxemburg  in  its  greatest  glory,  (blue.) 

f.  The  Habsburg  possessions,  (purple  ) 

.'/,  The  seven  German  Electorates,  (names  underlined.') 
h,  The  Arr.goninn   Empire    (brown),   with   the   united  kingdoms 
of  Leon  and  Castile,  (brown  lines.) 


XXIX.     08.  Eastern  Europe  and  'Western  Asia  about  1400  AD.,  (the 
Eastern  continuation  of  Map  67  ;)  showing 

a,  The  Ottoman  Empire  during  the  first  part  of  the  15th  century. 

b,  The  Empire  of  the  Mamelukes,  (yellow.) 

c,  The  remnant  of  the  Byzantine  Empire  during  the  last  fifty 

years  of  its  existence,  (green.) 

69.  The  Ottoman  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent  1682  AD. 

70.  The  Mongol  Kingdoms  during  the  Fourteenth  Century  ; 

showing  the  Empires  of  Genghis-Khan  and  of  Timur. 

XXX.  71.  The  Discoveries  of  the  Spaniards  and  Portuguese  in  the 

Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Centuries  ;  showing 

a,  Spain  and  the  Spanish  discoveries  and  colonies,  (blue.) 

b,  Portugal  and  the  Portuguese  discoveries  and  colonies,  (yellow.) 

c,  Pope  Alexander's  line  of  demarcation. 

72.  The   Atlantic    Coast   of  North   America   in    the  Seven- 

teenth Century;  showing  • 

a.  The    English    settlements    of   New    England,    Virginia,    and 

Carolina. 

b.  The  Dutch  settlement  of  New  Netherlands. 

c.  The  Swedish  settlement  of  New  Sweden. 

d.  The  French  settlement  of  Acadia. 

73.  The  United  States  in  1783;  showing 

a.  The  situation  of  the  Thirteen  Original  Colonies. 

b.  The  principal  battle-fields  of  the  Revolution. 

74.  The  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  with  its  Islands. 

XXXI.  7").  France  divided  into  Thirty-five  Provinces. 
70.  Germany  divided  into  Ten  Circles. 

77.  The    Four    Rhenish    Electorates   with   the    surrounding 
Countries;  showing 
«,  The  Archbishopric  of  Cologne,  (purple.) 
A,  The  Archbishopric  of  Treves,  (green.) 

c.  The  Archbishopric  of  Mayence,  (blue.) 

d.  The  Rhenish  Palatinate,  [yellow.) 

e.  The  Cleve  inheritance  in  1609,  (red.) 


ANALYTICAL  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


XXXII.  78.  Western   Europe  about  1550  A.  D.  ;  showing  especially 

a,  The  house  of  Habsburg  in  the  zenith  of  its  power  (purple), 

with  its  division  into  an  Austrian  and  Spanish  branch. 
6,  The  kingdom  of  France  {red)  with  the  Bourbon  possessions. 

c,  The  Hohenzollerns  in  Brandenburg  (blue),  Prussia,  Anspach, 

and  Culmbach,  (blue  with  black  lint's). 

d,  The  possessions  of  the  house  of  Savoy,  (yellow.) 

e,  The  dominion  of  the  Pope  in  Italy  and  France. 

/,  The  republic  of  Poland  before  the  union  with  Lithuania. 

79.  North-Eastern  Italy  ;  showing  the  battle-fields  of  the  Franco- 
Italian  war. 

XXXIII.  80.  Europe  in  1648. —  Peace  of  Westphalia;  showing  especially 

a,  The  possessions  of  the  two  branches  of  the  house  of  Habs- 

burg at  the  end  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  (purple.) 

b,  The   possessions  of  the  house  of  Hohenzollern,    (union    of 

Prussia  with  Brandenburg,  (blue.) 

c,  The  Swedish    Empire  on  both   shores   of   the  Baltic   and  in 

Northern  Germany,  (red  lines.) 

d,  The  Danish  monarchy,  Denmark.  Norway,  and  Schonen. 

e,  The  British  isles,  with  the  battle-fields  of  the  civil  wars. 
/,  France,  with  the  battle-fields  of  the  civil  wars,  (red.) 

g,  Germany,  with  the  battle-fields  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War. 
h,  The  republic  of  Poland  in  its  greatest  extent,  (purple  lines.) 
i,  The  Western  boundary  of  Russia  in  the  middle  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  (green  lines.) 

81.  The  South-Eastern  part  of  Lombardy  during  the  Seven- 
teenth Century. 

XXXIV.  82.  Europe  in  1713.  —  Peace  of  Utrecht;  showing  especially 

a,  The  extent  of  the  Habsburg  possessions  after  the  extinction 

of  the  Spanish  branch,  (purple.) 

b,  The  Bourbons  of  France  and  Spain,  (red.) 

c,  The  extent  of  the  Guelphic  dominions  (England  and  Bruns- 

wick-Luneburg),  (blue  lines.) 

d,  The  dominions  of  the  house  of  Savoy  (Savoy,  Piedmont,  and 

Sicily),  (yellow.) 

83.  The  Battle-fields  of  the  Netherlands  during  the  Seven- 
teenth, Eighteenth,  and  Nineteenth  Centuries. 
81.  The  Boundaries  of  Russia,  Poland,  and  Turkey  in  1713. 

XXXV.  85.  Europe    in    1748.  —  Peace    of  Aix-la-Chapelle  ;   showing 
especially 
a,  The  house  of  Bourbon  in  the  zenith  of  its  power  (red),  with 
its  division  into  the  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian  branches, 
(red  with  black  lines.) 


b,  The  Prussian   monarchy  under   Frederick  the  Great,  with 

the  battle-fields  of  tin-  first  Silcsian  war,  (blue.) 

c,  The  Empire  of  the  Empress-Queen  Maria  Theree   i 

d,  The  division  of  the  house  of  Wittelsbach  into  the  Pa 

and  Bavarian  branches,  etc. 

8C.  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland  during  the  latter  part 
of  the  Seventeenth  and  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

XXXVI.  87.   Central  and  Northern  Europe  in  1795  ;  showing  especially 
a,  The  extent  of  Prussia.  Russia,  and   Austria  after  the  ab- 
sorption of  Poland. 
6,  The    possessions   of  the   house  of   Wittelsbach    (Bavaria, 
Juliers,  Berg,  and  the  Palatinate),  (orange.) 

c,  The  extent  of  Denmark  (green)  and  Sweden  (red  lines). 

d,  The  Eastern  boundary  of  France  in  17'JO,  (red.) 

88.  The  First  Partition  of  Poland  in  1772. 

89.  The  Second  Partition  cf  Poland  in  1793. 

90.  The  Third  Partition  of  Poland  in  1795. 

XXXVII.  91.  The  Age  of  Napoleon  the  Great;  showing  especially 

a,  The  Empire  of  Napoleon  in  its  greatest  ezlenl    red),  with  the 

vassal  States  ruled  by  his  relations,  (red  with  black  lines.) 

b,  The  Confederacy  of  the  Rhine,  with  Bavaria  in  its  greatest 

extent. 

c,  The  Kingdom  of  Saxony,  with  the  grand-duchy  of  Warsaw. 

d,  The  Austrian,  Russian,  and  Prussian  monarchies,  etc 

92.  The  Battle-fields  of  Northern  Italy,  1794-1800. 

93.  Bonaparte's  Expedition  against  Egypt  and  Syria. 

XXXVIII.  94.  Europe  in  1816  ;  showing  the  division  of  Europe  as  settled  by 
the  Congress  of  Vienna,  illustrating  also  the  Greek,  Polish, 
French,  and  Belgian  revolutions,  and  the  battle-fields  of 
the  Franco-Au>trian  war  of  18o9. 

95.  The  Theatre  of  the  Crimean  'War  in  1854-55. 

96.  The  Theatre  of  the  Danish  War  in  1864. 

XXXIX.  97.  Europe  in  1866.  —  Peace  of  Prague;  showing  theD* 

fields  and   results  of  the  Austro-Prussian  war  of  L866  and 
the  North  German  Confederacy. 

98.  The  German  Confederacy  from  1815  till  1866. 

XL.  99.   Europe  in  1871.  — Peace  of  Versailles,  showing  the  resus- 
citated German  Empire,  United  Italy,  etc. 

100.  The  Theatre  of  the  late  Franco-Prussian  War. 


ANALYTICAL   AND   CHRONOLOGICAL   INDEX 

OF  THE 

PRINCIPAL  NATIONS  AND  STATES. 


A. 

MAP 

Acarnania.     The  Western  district  of  Hellas 15 

Acheeans,  I  The  League  of  the) 37 

Achaia.    The  Northern  district  of  Peloponnesus  IS 

The  Roman  province  of  Achaia  since  14b'  B.  c...  40 

The  principality  of  Achaia  since  1204  a.  i> 62 

jEtolia.   A  district  of  Hellas,  or  Central  Greece..  15 

JEtolians,  (The  League  of  the) 37 

Africa.  North-Eastern  Africa  and  the  Nile  valley.  1 

During  the  Egyptian  Ascendency 3 

Daring  the  Assyrian  Ascendency 5 

N.E.  Africa  and  the  Seven  Arms  of  the  Nile 7 

During  the  times  of  the  Four  Great  Powers 9 

Daring  the  Persian  Ascendency 11 

Daring  the  Hellenic  Ascendency 20 

North-western  Africa  during  the  l'uuic  wars. .28-31 

At  the  close  of  the  Panic  wars 35 

A  century  after  the  Tunic  wars 86 

During  the  first  century  A.  I) 40 

During  the  2d,  3d,  and  4th  centuries  a.  r> 43 

Since  the  division  of  the  Empire  in39oA.s 48 

About 500  •..!'.  (The  Vandal  Empire) 4'.i 

About  7011  \    ii.    (The  Arabic    Vscendcncv ) 52 

About  BOO  a.  d ■",) 

About  950  a.  d.  i  The  Morabites) 57 

During  the  12th  century,  (Age  of  the  Crusades)  68 

North-Western  Africa  about  1400  v   d 67 

North-Easiern  Africa  about   1  IIHI  a.  ii 68 

North-Eastern  Africa  about  L682a.d 69 

Portuguese  discoveries  in  the  15th  and  16th  cent.  71 

North-Western  Africa  about  1541  1. 1> 7^ 

North-Western  Africa  during  the  18th  century  82,  85 

N.W.  Africa  in  Lhi    191  -  century 94,  '.'7,  99 

Alexandria,  |  Plan  of  | is 

America,  |  Discovery  of) 71 

The  Atlantic coael  of  N.  America  in  17th  century  72 

ti  d  States  in  177:: 78 

Tin:  Dull  ol  the  St,  Lawrence 7  1 


MAP 

Anglo-Saxons.     About  500  a.  p 40,  50 

About  507  A.  v 51 

About  700  A.  l) 52 

Abou:  800  a.  I).    (Under  Egbert).... 54 

The  British  Islands  during  the  Saxon  period....  55 

Antiochia,  (Christian  Principality  of,  in  1142)..  59 

Aquitania,  before  Caesar's  Conquest 46 

A  Koman  Province  since  56  B.  c 43,  4(i 

A  part  <»f  the  Merovingian  Emp.  since  507  a.  ii.  51 

One  of  the  duchies  of  France  about  1000  a.  n....  57 

The  Empire  of  the  Plantagenets  in  1160  A.  D....  58 

A  part  of  the  French  kingdom  about  1400  A.  D..  67 

Arabia  Petraea,  with  Mount  Sinai 7 

Arabic  Empire.     Arabic  Ascendency  700  A.  d...  52 

The  division  of  the  Arabic  Empire  since  750  A.  i>.  54 

The  Eastern  and  Western  Caliphates 58 

The  Arabic  Empire  since  1258  A.  n 69 

Aragon,  [originally  the  Wettern  part  of  the  kingdom 
of  Pampeluna  ">■  Navarre.) 

An   independent  kingdom  since  1035  A.D 6K 

The  Aragonese  dominion  about.  1400  a.  i> 07 

Aragon  united  with  Castile  since  1517  a.  d 7s 

Arcadia.     A  District  of  the  Peloponnesus 1  5 

Argolis.     A  District   of  the  Peloponnesus ,.  1". 

Armenia.     During  the  Egyptian  Ascendency 3 

During  the  Assyrian  Ascendency 5 

During  the  period  of  the  Four  Great  Powers...  0 

During  the  Persian  Ascendency 11 

During  the  Roman  Ascendency 43 

During  the  fourth  and  fifth  centuries  A.  n 48 

Inn  in_'  the  Arabic  Ascendency 52 

The  kingdom  of  Armenia  in  1  100  A.  D 58,  5'.i 

The  kingdom  of  Armenia  about  1204  A.  D 62 

Ascendency.    Chaldssan  Ascendency 1 

EgJ  ptian  Ascendency 3 

Assyrian  Ascendency 5 

Persian  Ascendency 11 

Hellenic  Ascendency 2u 


MAP 

Roman  Ascendency 40 

Arabic  Ascendency 52 

Asia  during  the  Chaldaean  Ascendency 1 

During  the  Egyptian  Ascendency 3 

During  the  Assyrian  Ascendency 5 

During  the  period  of  the  Four  Great  Powers '.' 

During  the  Persian  Ascendency 11 

Greek  Colonies  on  the  Western  Coast  of. 13 

During  the  Hellenic  Ascendency 20 

During  the  2d  and  1st  century  B.  c 37 

During  the  times  of  Mithradates 38 

During  the  first  century  a.  d 40 

During  the  2d,  3d,  and  4th  centuries  a.  i> 43 

Since  the  division  of  the  Koman  Empire  in  395  48 

About  500  a.  D.  (the  Byzantine  Empire) 49 

During  the  Arabic  Ascendency 52 

About  800  a.d.  (the  times  of  Haroun-al-Rashid)  54 

During  the  Age  of  the  Crusades 68 

During  (he  first  part  of  the  thirteenth  century  62 

About  1500  A.  n.  (the  Ottoman  Empire) 68 

The  Ottoman  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent O'.i 

The  Mongol  Empires  of  Gengliis-Klian  and  Timur  70 

Assyria  during  i he  Egyptian  Ascendency 8 

During  the  Assyrian  Ascendency 5 

During  the  period  of  the  Four  Great  Powers 9 

During  tin"  Persian  Ascendency 11 

Athens  nod  the  Bay  of  Salamis,  (plan  of) 18 

(The  duchy  of.)  in  the  thirteenth  century 62a 

Attica.    The  South  Eastern  District  of  Hellas. ...  15 

Austrasia,  since  567  a.d 51 

Since  813  a.  d 54 

Austria.     A  march  against  the  incursions  of  LI 
Magyars,  sinoe  988  a.  d.     (Under  the  Baben- 

bergers  until  1246  a.d.) 57 

A  German  duchy  since  1166  A.  D GO 

United  with  Styria,  Carinthia,  and  Carniola 68 

Under  the  Habsburgers  since  1J82 1.7 

During  the  sixteenth  century 78 


ANALYTICAL    AND    CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


M  \P 

Since  1526  united  with  Bohemia  and  Hungaria.  78 

During  the  Thirty  Years'  War Nt 

Daring  the  first  part  of  the  18th  century 82 

Since  1742  (Peace  of  Berlin) 85 

Austria's  gain  from  the  partitions  of  Poland. ..88-90 

Austria  during  the  reigu  of  Napoleon 91 

The  Austrian  Empire  since  1816 94 

Austria's  position  in  the  German  Confederacy..  98 

Austria  since  the  peace  of  Prague,  in  1860 97 

Austria  in  1871 99 

Avars,  (Empire  of  the) 62 

B. 

Babel 1 

Babylon 3,  6,  9,  10 

Babylonia.     One  of  the  four  great  powers 9 

A  Persian  province 11 

A  province  of  the  Empire  of  the  Seleucidas 20 

Barbarians.    After  the  division  of  the  Empire...  48 

About  500  a.  d 49 

About  700  a.  d 52 

About  800  a.  d 54 

About  962  a.d 57 

Bavaria.     The  duchy  of  Bavaria  about  970  a.  d.  57 

About  1170  a.  d.,  (under  the  Guelphs) 6 

About  1270  a.d.,  (under  the  Wittelsbachs) 63 

During  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries. .67,  78 

The  Bavarian  circle 76 

The  Electorate  of  Bavaria 80,  82,  85 

The  Electorate  of  Bavaria  united  with  the  Rhen- 
ish Palatinate,  Juliers,  and  Berg 87 

The  kingdom  of  Bavaria  since  1809 91 

The  kingdom  of  Bavaria  since  1816 94,98 

The  kingdom  of  Bavaria  since  1866 97 

Bavaria  as  part  of  the  German  Empire  99 

Belgium,  (Flanders  and  Brabant,)  since  962 57 

Brabant  and  Flanders  during  the  12th  century..  60 

Brabant  and  Flanders  during  the  loth  century..  63 
Flanders  (since  1383)  and  Brabant  (since  1406) 

part  of  the  Burgundian  dominion 65 

A  part  of  the  Burgundian  circle  since  1512 76 

Part  of  the  Netherlands  under  Charles  V 78 

The  Spanish  Netherlands  since  1576  a.  d ,,  80 

Belgium,  or  the  Austrian  Netherlands 82,  85 

The  battle-fields  of  Belgium 83 

Part  of  the  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands  sincel816  94 


MAP 

The  kingdom  of  Belgium  since  1830 97 

Baeotia.     A  district  of  Hellas,  or  Central  Greece  16 

Bohemia.     A  German  duchy  since  962 57 

A  vassal  kingdom  since  1086 58 

An  hereditary  kingdom  since  1212 63 

The  keystone  of  the  possessions  of  the  house  of 

Luxemburg  iince  1310 67 

A  part  of  the  Ilabsburg  possessions  since  1526.  78 

During  the  Thirty  Years'  War 80 

During  the  eighteenth  century 82,  85 

During  the  nineteenth  century 91,  94,  97,  99 

Bosporus  and  Constantinople 44 

Bourbons.     Possessions  about  1550 78 

On  the  French  throne  since  1589 80 

On  the  French  and  Spanish  thrones  since  1713..  82 
On  the  French,   Spanish,  and  Sicilian   (Naples 

and  Sicily)  thrones  since  1748 85 

Kings  of  the  Island  of  Sicily  since  1799 91 

Restored  to  their  thrones  since  1815 94 

The  Bourbons  in  1866  (on  the  Spanish  throne).  97 

Brandenburg.     A  Margraviate  since  930  a.d...  57 

A  Margraviate  under  the  Ascanier,  since  1130..  60 

An  Electorate  under  the  Ascanier,  since  1260...  63 
The  Electorate  of  Brandenburg  since  1373  A.  D., 

{Under  the  house  of  Luxemburg) 67 

The  Electorate  of  Brandenburg  since  1417  A.  i>. 

(the  rlohenzollerns),  (united  with  Ans/nich) 78 

Brandenburg  since  1648.     (  The  Electors  are  also, 

since  1619,  dukes  in  Prussia) 80 

Brandenburg  since  1713.    (The  Electors  are  also, 

since  1701,  kings  in  Prussia) 82 

Brandenburg  since  1748.     (The  results  of  the  vic- 
tories of  Frederick  the  Great) 85 

Brandenburg  after  the  partition  of  Poland..  87 

Brandenburg  since  the  peace  of  Tilsit  in  1807...  91 

Brandenburg  since  1816 94 

British  Empire.     See  England. 
Brunswick.     See  Guelph. 

Bulgarian  Empire  about  700  a.  d 52 

About  950  A.  D  ,  (a  Byzantine  province) 57 

During  the  twelfth  century,  (independent) 58 

Burgundy.    The  Burgundian  Emp.  in  500  a.  i). 49,  50 

Burgundy  a  part  of  the  Merovingian  Empire...  51 

The  Burgundian,  or  Arelatiau  kingdom,  950 67 

Burgundy  a  part  of  the  German  empire 58 

The  Burgundian  Palatinate  about  1230  a.d 60 


HAP 

The  kingdom,  duchy,  and  county  of  Burgundy 

during  the  thirteenth  century 63 

The  duchy  and  county  of  Burgundy  during  ihe 

fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries '  I,  •  7 

The  Burgundian  dominion  of  Charles  the  Bold..  65 
The  French  provinces  of  Burgundy  and  Kranche 

Comte\  (county  of  Burgundy  1 75 

The  Burgundian  circle  of  Germany 7'i 

The  duchy  ami  county  of  Burgundy  about  1550  78 

The  county  of  Burgundy  (  tranche  Comie)  1648..  80 

The  absorption  of  Franclie  Comte  by  France....  82 

Byzantine  Empire,  or  Greek  Empire,  in  395...  48 

About  500  a.  d 49 

About  700  a.d.    During  the  Arabic  Ascendency  ■*'! 

About  800  a.  d 64 

About  950  a.  u 67 

About  1150  a.  d.     During  the  Crusades 68 

About  1204  a.  d.     The  Latin  Empire 62<j 

About  1400  a.d 68 

Since  1453  a.  d.     Conquered  by  the  Turks 19 

c. 

Caledonia,  or  Scotland 55 

Caliphate.     Before  the  division  of  750  a.  d 62 

Since  the  division 64 

Caliphate  of  Cordova  about  800  a.  d 64 

Caliphate  of  Cordova  about  950  a.d 67 

Caliphate  of  Cordova  about  1150  a.  d 68 

The  Caliphate  of  Cordova  about  1400  a.  d 67 

Canaan.     See  Holy  Land. 

Carthage,  (Plan  of) 33 

On  the  eve  of  and  during  the  first  Punic  war...  28 

At  the  end  of  the  first  Punic  war J  I 

On  the  eve  of  and  during  the  second  Punic  war  30 

At  the  end  of  the  second  Punic  war 31 

The  Carthaginian  territory  after  the  Punic  wars  '■  5 

Castile.      A  principality  since  '.':!::  a.  n 67 

United  with  Toledo  since  1085  A.D 68 

The  kingdom  of  Castile  about  1400 67 

The  union  of  Castile  and  Aragon  since  1517  A.D.  7^ 

Cleve.      Inheritance  in  1609 77 

Constantinople  and  the  Bosporus 4  1 

Corinth  and  the  Isthmus 19 

Corinthia.     A  district  of  the  Peloponnesus 15 

Corsica.      A  Carthaginian  possession 28 

A  Roman  possession  since  259  e.  c 29 


ANALYTICAL    AND    CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


MAP 

A  part  of  the  Roman  province  of  Sardinia. .35,  36,  43 

A  Vandal  province  since  470  a.  d 49 

A  Prankish  province  since  754  a.  i> 54 

An  Arabian  possession  since  850  a.  n 57 

A  possession  of  the  German  Empire  since  1002 

(m  reality  a  possession  of  the  town  of  Pita) 58 

A  possession  of  the  Genoese  since   1300  a.  d. 
Thi   Corsicans  did  not  acknowledge  the  Geno- 
ese sovereignty  before  1387) 07,  etc. 

A  possession  of  the  French  since  1708 91,  etc. 

D. 

Damascus,  (Plan  of  the  city  of) 53 

Denmark.    House  of  Swen  Estritson  since  1042..  58 
Under  Margaretha,   the  last   of  the  House  of 
Swen  Estritson,  [union  of  Calmar  between  Den- 
mark, Norway,  and  Sweden,  1397—1520) 87 

Denmark  united  with  Norway  (since  1387) 80 

Denmark  during  the  eighteenth  century. ..82,  85,  ST 

Denmark  'luring  the  reign  of  Napoleon 91 

Denmark  Bince  1816 '.14 

Denmark  during  the  war  of  1804 90 

Denmark  since  1S04 97 

Doris.      A  small  district  of  Hellas 15 

Dutch  Republic.     See  Netherlands. 

E. 

Edessa,  (Christian  county  of,)  in  1142  v.  n 59 

Egypt.     The  old  Km]. in;  of  Egypt 1 

The  new  Emp.  during  the  Egyptian  Ascendency  3 

The  new  Emp.  during  the  Assyrian  Ascendency  5 

The  Delia,  with  the  seven  arms  of  [he  Nile 7 

Egypt  one  of  the  Pour  Great  Powers 9 

The  Persian  satrapy  of  Egypt  since  525  n.  c 11 

The  < ;  1  :■•.  M  Kg\|.nan  Empire  of  the  Ptolemies..  20 

The  Unman  province  of  Egypt  since  80  b.  0 48 

\  diocese  of  the  Greek  Empire  since  895  a.  i>...  48 

The  Arabic  province  of  Deshar  Mesr  010  a.  i>...  "_' 

The  SyTO-Egyptian  Empire  of  the  Ayoubitee 58 

The  Empire  of  the  Mamelukes  since  1251  a.  i>..  68 

A  Turkish  vassal-kingdom  since  1517  a.  n 69 

Bonaparte  1  Egyptian  expedition  in  1799  a.  d...  98 

Electorates.     The  seven  Electorates 67 

The  four  Rhenish  Electorates 77 

Elis.     A  ■  i  1  - 1  i.<-i  oi  the  Peloponnesus 15 

Elzass.    Alsace.)     A  district  oi  German] 60 


MAP 

Tart  of  the  patrimony  of  Emp.  Frederick  II 03 

In  the  times  of  Charles  the  bold 65 

A  district  of  Germany  about  1550 78 

A  province  of  France  since  1648 75,  80,  82 

Reconquered  by  Germany  in  1871 90,  100 

England,  with  Scotland  and  Ireland. 

Britannia  under  the  Romans 43,  48 

About  500  a.  D 49,  50,  51 

About  700  A.  d 52 

About  800  a.  d 54 

During  the  Saxon  and  Norman  periods 55 

The  possessions  of  the  Plantagenets  in  1100 58 

The  scene  of  the  Anglo-Scotch  struggle 56 

During  the  Anglo-French  struggles  and  the  war 

of  the  Roses 64,  67 

During  the  sixteenth  century 78 

During  t he  seventeenth  century 80 

During  the  eighteenth  century 86 

During  the  nineteenth  century 91,  'J4.  07,  99 

Epirus.      (The  Western  division  of  N.  Greece)...     13 

Eubcea,   (Negrnpont.)     A  large  island  along  the 

Eastern  coast  of  Hellas,  or  Central  Greece 15 

Europe.     The  undivided  Roman  Empire 40.  43 

The  Eastern  and  Western  Empire 48 

About  500  a.  p.     The  Barbarian  Empires 40 

About  700  A.  D.      The  Arabic  invasions 5*2 

The  restoration  of  the  Western  Empire 5) 

About  050  a.  I).     The  Holy  Roman  Empire 57 

Ab.mt  1150  a.  11.     The  Crusades 58 

The  formation  of  distinct  nationalities 07 

The  Babsburg  preponderance 78 

In  1648  a.  u.     Peace  of  Westphalia 80 

In  1713  a.  d.     Peace  of  Utrecht 82 

In  1748  a. 11.     Peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle 85 

In  I8011  a.  11.     Peace  of  Scbonbrunn 91 

In  1810a. 11.     Congress  of  Vienna 0  1 

In  1866  *.  d!     Peace  ol  Prague 07 

In  1871  a.  n.     Peace  of  Versailles 00 

F. 

France,  or  Gaul.     Before  the  Roman  Conquest..     45 

During  the  Roman  dominion 43,  46 

Since  the  divis f  the  Empire  in  305  \.  d 48 

The  Merovingian  Empires  about  500  a.  d 49 

The  Empire  of  the  Frank    under  Clovis 50 

The  division  of  the  Prankish  Empire  in  567  a.  d.     61 


MAP 

The  Merovingian  Empires  about  700  A.  n 52 

The  Empire  of  Charlemagne  and  its  division....  54 

Francia,  or  the  Duchy  of  France,  about  950 57 

The  Kingdom  of  France  during  the  12th  century  58 
The  North-Eastern  and  Southern  parts  of  France 

during  the  Crusade  against  the  Albigenses...  61 

France  during  the  Anglo-French  struggles 64 

France  and  Burgundy  in  the  limes  of  Louis  XI.  65 

France  during  the  15th  century 07 

The  successive  reunion  of  the  Provinces 75 

France    and    the    Bourbon    possessions    about 

1550a.  n 78 

France  at  the  accession  of  Louis  XIV 80 

France  at  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV 82 

France  in  the  middle  of  the  18th  century 85 

The  E.  boundary  of  the  French  republic  in  1705  87 

The  Empire  of  Napoleon  1.  with  its  vassal  States  91 

France  after  the  Congress  of  Vienna 04 

The  Empire  of  Napoleon  111 07 

The  French  republic  in  1  ST  1 99 

The  Franco-Prussian  campaign  of  1870-71 100 

G. 

Galatia,  (State  of) 37 

Germany.     Under  the  Romans 43 

Annul  500  A.  11 49 

In  ihe  time  of  Clovis 50 

Alter  the  division  in  507  A.  D 51 

About  700  a.  n 52 

The  Empire  of  Charlemagne  and  its  division...  54 

The  Empire  of  Otto  the  Great  in  962  a.  i> 57 

The  German  Empire  during  the  12th  century...  58 

In  1170  (the  Hohenstaufen  and  the  Guelphs)..,  60 

During  the  reign  of  Emperor  Frederick  II  6  I 

The  Franco-German  boundary  about  1  ISO 64,  65 

The  German  Empire  with  the  seven  Electorates  67 

Germany  divided  into  ten  circles 70 

The  four  Rhenish  Electorates  with  (Teve. 77 

Germany  in  the  times  of  Charles  V 7* 

During  the  Thirty  Years'  War 80 

During  the  first  half  "I  I  he  1  sth  century 82 

During  the  seoond  half  of  the  18th  century 85 

During  the  French  revolution s7 

The  Confederacy  of  the  Rhine 01 

Since  the  Congress  of  Vienna 01 

The  German  Confederacy,  1815-1866 98 


ANALYTICAL    AND    CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


xui 


MAP 

During  and  after  the  Austro-Prussian  war 97 

The  German  Empire  in  1871 99 

Granada,  (Mohammedan  kingdom  of.)  about  1400  07 
Greece,  (Hellas.)     During  the  settlement  of  the 

Hellenes  around  and  beyond  the  Archipelago  13 

Hellas  and  Peloponnesus 15 

Greece  as  part  of  the  Empire  of  Alexander  20 

Greece  during  the  2d  and  1st  century  b.  c 87 

The  Roman  province  of  Achaia  since  146  B.  c...  43 

Macedonia  a  diocese  of  the  Greek  Empire 48 

A  Venetian  province  since  1250  A.  u 67 

A  province  of  the  Byzantine  Empire  since  1440  68 

The  Turkish  provinces  of  Livadia  and  Morea...  69 

The  kingdom  of  Greece  since  1829  a.  n 94 

Guelphs.    About  1170.    Guelphs  and  Ghibellines  60 

About  1270.     After  the  Lion's  fall 63 

In  1714.      On  the  English  throne 82,  85 

In  1810.     During  the  reign  of  Napoleon 91 

In  1816.     After  the  recovery  of  Hanover 94 

In  1866.     After  the  absorption  of  Hanover 97,  99 

H. 

Habsburgs.     The  possessions  in  Switzerland 66 

About  1400.     (Archdukes  of  Austria,  etc.) H7 

About  1550.     (In  the  zenith  of  their  glory) 78 

During  and  after  the  Thirty  Years'  War SO 

After  the  extinction  of  the  elder  branch 82 

Hellas.     See  Greece. 

Hohenzollern.     (A  territory  north  of  the  Lake  of 
Constants,   and  near  the   sources  of  the  Neckar 
and  Danube.)    The  original  seat  of  the  race. .97,  98 
Margraves  of  Culmbach  (Anspach-Baireuth )  and 

Burgravea  of  Nuremberg  since  1170  a.  d 78 

Margraves  of  Brandenburg  since  1417  A.  l) 7S 

Dukes  in  Prussia  since  1525  a.  r> 78 

Margraves  of  Brandenburg  and  dukes  in  Prus- 
sia since  1619 80 

Margraves  of  Brandenburg  and  kings  in  Prus- 
sia since  1701 82,  85,  87 

Kings  of  Prussia  since  1807 91,  94 

Presidents  of  the  North-German  Confederacy...  97 

Emperors  of  Germany  since  1871 99 

Holland.     See  Netherlands. 
Holy  Land,  or  Canaan. 

During  the  Chaldajan  Ascendency 1 

During  the  Egyptian  Ascendency 3 


During  the  Assyrian  Ascendency 

The  Empire  of  David  and  Solomon 

The  kingdoms  of  Israel  and  Judah 

During  the  Persian  Ascendency 

During  the  Hellenic  Ascendency 

During  the  Roman  Ascendency 

A  part  of  the  Greek  Empire  since  395  a.  u 

During  the  Arabic  Ascendency 

During  the  age  of  the  Crusades 

The  Christian  States  in  the  East  about  1142  a.i>. 
Remains  of  the  kingdom  of  Jerusalem  in  1204.. 

Part  of  the  Empire  of  the  Mamelukes 

Part  of  the  Ottoman  Empire  since  1517  a.  d 

Hungary,  (or  Hungaria.)  Since  the  10th  century 
During  the  12th  century  (the  house  of  Arpad).. 

Since  1382  (the  house  of  Luxemburg) 

Partly  under  the  Turks,  partly  under  the  Habs- 

burgers 

The  kingdom  of  Hungary  in  1648 


MAP 

5,7 


11 

20 
40 
49 
52 
58 
59 
626 
68 
69 
57 
58 
67 


80 


22.  23, 
......9, 


Israel,  (Kingdom  of) 

Italy.     During  the  regal  period 

In  the  8th  century  B.  c  , 

In  the  7th  and  6th  centuries  b.  c 

The  Greek  colonies  in  Southern  Italy 

In  the  4th  century  B.  c  

During  the  Samnite  wars 25,  20, 

During  the  Punic  wars 28,  29,  30, 

At  the  close  of  the  Punic  wars 

A  century  after  the  Punic  wars 

During  the  1st  century  A.  i> 

During  the  Empire,  (divided  into  districts)  

Since  the  division  of  the  Empire  in  395  a.  d 

About  500  a.  d.     (The  Ostro-Gothic  Empire).... 

About  700  A.  D.      (The  Longobardian  Empire).. 

About  800  a.  d.     (The  times  of  Charlemagne)... 

About  962  A.  D.      (The  times  of  Otto  the  Great.. 

About  1130  a.  D.      (The  age  of  the  Crusades)... 

About  1230  a.  r>.     (The  times  of  Frederick  II.) 

During  the  Angevin  (French)  influence 

During  the  16th  century 

The  battle-fields  of  the  Franco-Italian  wars 

During  the  17th  century.      (Spanish  influence). 

Lombardy  during  the  17th  century 

During  the  first  half  of  the  18th  century 


MAP 

During  the  second  half  of  the  18tL  century 85 

During  the  times  of  Napoleon 91 

Proud  Italians  hailed  Napoleon  as  an  Imperator 
whom  Gallic  legions  hud  ratted  upon  ti< 
The  battle-fields  of  Northern  Italy,  1794-1SOO... 

Since  the  Congress  of  Vienna '1 

The  kingdom  of  Italy  in  1866 '■' 

The  kingdom  of  Italy  in  1871 99 

J. 

Jerusalem,  (Plan  of) 8 

(Kingdom  of )  in  1142  a.  i> 

(Kingdom  of)  in  1204  a.  d 624 

Judah,  (tribe  and  kingdom  of ) 7 

L. 

Laconica.     A  district  of  the  Peloponnesus 15 

Latium,  during  the  royal  period -■'■ 

Leon,  (Kingdom  of.)     About  800  a.  d 54 

About  950  a.  d 57 

About  1150  a.  d 58 

United  with  the  kingdom  of  Castile'  since  1037..     I  ' 

Locris,  two  districts  of  the  Peloponnesus 15 

Longobardian  Empire.     About  700  a.  r> 52 

Lorraine,  (Lotharii  regnum  =  Lotharingia. ) 
One  of  the  three  divisions  of  the  (former)  Em- 
pire of  Charlemagne  since  843 54 

A  duchy  of  the  Roman  Empire  since  962 57 

Lower   Lorraine    (called    Brabant)    and    Upper 

Lorraine  (called  Lorraine)  since  1190 60 

Lorraine  (i.  e.,  Upper  Lorraine)  about  1470 i  '■ 

Lorraine  under  the  house  of  Anjou 

The  German  duchy  of  Lorraine  about  1550 7~ 

The  German  duchy  of  Lorraine  about  1648 80 

Lorraine  a  French  province  since  1738 75 

The  Eastern  part  of  Lorraine  in  1871 99,  100 

Luxemburg.    (Situated exactly  to  the  North  of  Lor- 
raine, between  the  Meutt  and  Moselle.) 
The  home  of  the  Luxemburg  Emperors  (marked 

blue  North  of  Lorraine) 67 

A  part  of  the  Burguudian  dominion  since  1483 
a.  D.,  and  hence  a  portion  of  the  Spanish   and 

(since  1713)  Austrian  Netherlands 65 

A  grand-duchy,  governed  by  the  king  of  Hol- 
land since    1846. 94 

Lydia.  one  of  the  Four  Great  Powers  about  600..       9 


XIV 


ANALYTICAL    AND    CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


HAP 

M. 

Macedonia.     A  country  of  Northern  Greece,  oc- 
cupying   t lie    const,    etc.,    around    the    NAY. 

corner  of  the  JEgean  Sea 13 

The  kingdom  of  Macedonia  about  323  B.  c _n 

The  kingdom  of  Macedonia  since  300  b.  c 37 

The  Honian  province  of  Macedonia  since  148  B.C.  43 

Macedonia  a  diocese  of  tin-  Bastern  Kmpire Is 

Media,  one  of  the  Four  Great  Powers  about  600  9 

Merovingian  Empire  about  500  A.  D 49 

About  700  a.  1. 62 

Messene,  a  district  of  t lie  Peloponnesus 15 

Milan,  (or  tin-  Milanese.)     The  Duchy  of. 

About  14(i0  a.  f.     (Under  the  Visconti) 67 

About  1550.    (Under  the  Spanish  Habsburgs)...  78 

During  and  after  the  Thirty  Fears'  War 80 

During  the  18th  century S2.  85 

N. 

Naples.    (Sicily,  or  the  Two  Sioil 

A  province  of  the  Ostro-Gothic  Kmpire  (500)...  49 

A  province  of  the  Longobardian  Empire  (700)..  52 

A  province  of  the  Byzantine  Empire  (800) 54,  57 

ingdom  "t  Sicily  during  the  1-th  century.  68 

The  kingdom  of  Sicily  aboul  1230 6'! 

The  kingdom  of  Naples  aboul  1  100 67 

The  kingdom  of  '                 .ul  1560 78 

The  kingdom  of  Naples  since  1718 82 

f, _: ■  i . . ii i  i,i  the  Two  Sicilies  since  1748 85 

The  kingdom  of  Naples  in  1810  (  Mur.it  | 91 

The  kingdom  of  the  'I                                - 80 ■  ..  94 
Navarre,  a  Christian  kingdom  of  Spain  since  842 

a.  D.,  [originally  called  Pampeluna) 57 

Navarre  during  the  12th  century 68 

The  kingdom  of  Navarre  aboul  1  100  a.  d 67 

■  1512  a.  t>.  mi  ted  with  Castile  (the  i/rcutrr 
<.r  Southern  part  —  the  mailer  or  Northern  part 

came  t>,  Prance) 78 

re  the  patrimony  of  Henry  IV 75 

Netherlands.  ■  lloll.i r  I     rman 

duchy  ol  Lower  I t   i> 57 

A  part  of  the  Burgundian  dominion                   .  65 

A  part  of  the  Burgundian  circle  ol  Germany. ...  76 

The  Netherlands  during  the  16th  century 7* 

l  ;•■  Dutch  republic  since  157'.' 8u 

The  Dutch  republic  during  the  18th  century ...  E 


MAP 

The  battle-fields  of  the  Netherlands 83 

A  part  of  the  Kmpire  of  Napoleon 91 

A  kingdom  since  1816.   (Holland  and  Belgium).  94 

Neustria.  The  North-western  part  of  the  Prank- 
ish Kmpire  since  567  a.  n 51 

The  Western  part  of  the  Kmpire  of  Charlemagne  54 

The  country,  since  912.  called  Normandy 55 

Nile.      From  source  to  mouth 1 

The  Delta,  with  the  seven  mouths  of  the  Nile...  4 

Nineveh,  (I'lan  of  the  Ruins  of  ) 5 

Norway.     During  the  1 2th  century 58 

United  with  Denmark  since  los7 80 

Norway  and  Denmark  in  the  18th  century 87 

United  with  Sweden  since  1815 '.'7 

o. 

Ostrogothic  Empire  under  Theodoric 49 

P. 

Palestina.     See  Hor.Y  Land. 

Palatinate,  (Rhenish.)      In  the  17th  century. ..77.  80 
In  the  18th  century,  (with  Juliers  and  Berg)„82,  85 

("nited  with  Bavaria 87 

Palatinate,  i  Dpper. )  That  part  of  Bavaria  winch 

is  Dorth  of  the  Danube 82 

Pampeluna.     A  Christian  kingdom  in  Northern 
Spain  since  the  beginning  of  the  10th  century 

[Sim     1  109  a.  n   i'  was  called  Navarre) 57 

Papal  States,  (755-1870.)     Patrimonium   Petri 

ill  the  middle  of  the  10th  century 57 

During  the  14th  and  15th  centurit  a 67 

The  I'apal  States  during  tin*  16th  century 78 

The  Papal  State,  during  tin'  17th  century 80 

The  Papal  States  during  'le  1Mb  century - 

The   I'apal  Stale-    Bince    I81H :>l 

The  Patrimoni Petri  ,  I860-  l^T'i, 97 

Parthia.     See  Pibsi  v. 

Peloponnesus,     (Morea.)       The     Dorian     and 

i,  i  in  settlements  in  the  Peloponnesns 13 

The  seven  divisions  of  the  Peloponnesus 15 

Dunns  the  times  of  the   Ichsaan  Confederacy...  .17 

The  Roman  province  of  Ichaia  -it I  16  n.  c...  43 

'I'ln-  Bastern  diocese  of  Macedonia  Bince  896  a.  i>  48 

The  pi  ipalitl  i    sal  state  of  the 

Latin  Empire)  since  [204  a.  d 62a 


Morea,  a    province    of   the   Venetian    republic 

since  1250  a.  d 67 

The    principal    part   of   the    Byzantine    Empire 

since   1410  a.  d 68 

A  province  of  the  Ottoman  Empire  since  1460...  69 

Part  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece  since  1829  a.  d..  94 

Pergamus,  (Kingdom  of) 37 

Persia,  or  Persis.      An  Assyrian  province  700 5 

A  Median  province  about  600  B.  c 9 

The  Persian  Ascendency  about  500  B.  c 11 

A  province  of  the  Empire  of  the  Seleucidoe.  300  20 

The  Parthian  or  Persian  Empire  since  255  B.  c.  40 

During  the  3d,  4th.  and  5th  centuries  a.  i> 48,  49 

Fars,  or  Persia,  since  636  a.  b 52 

A  semi-dependent   part   of  the  Empire  of  the 

Caliphs  (since  901  under  the  Soffarides) 54 

A  province  of  the  Mongol  Empire  since  1370 70 

Phocis,  a  district  of  the  Peloponnesus 15 

Poland.     The  Christian   duchy  of  Poland   since 

963    under  the  Piasts) 57 

The  kingdom  of  Poland  during  the  12th  century  58 
During  the  14th  and  15th  centuries  (under  the 

Jagellos) 67 

The  Polish  republic  under  the  presidency  of  an 

elected  king  (since  1573) 78 

The  republics  of  Poland  and  Lithuania  1569 "i1 

(Since  1386  Poland  and  Lithuania  had  been  gov- 
ernedby  //"  eanu  aovtrt  ion,  but  as  distinct  count 

In  the  middle  of  the  18th  century 85 

The  three  partitions  of  Poland..." 88,  89,  !  u 

The  grand-duchy  of  Warsaw 91 

The  kingdom  ot   Poland  (under  Russia  I '.'7 

The  Russian  government  of  Poland  (since  1863)  '.'9 

Pontus,  (Kingdom  of) ■ 37,  68 

Prussia.      The    home    of    the    heathen   Servians, 

Wends,  Letts,  and  Goths  before   1280  a.  D...57,  58 

The  country  of  the  Teutonic  Order  since  1230  l.D,  67 
A  vassal  duchy  of  Poland  ruled  by  the  younger 

branch  of  the  Hohenzollern  since  1526  \.  d...  78 
A  vassal  duchy  nf  Poland  ruled  by  the    Elector 

of  Brandenburg  since   1618  a.  n.     (The  elder 

branch  of  the  Hohenzollernt,  and,  as  such,  leijal 

linrs  t"  the  younger  line) 80 

A  sovereign  kingdom,  ruled  by  the  Elector  of 

Brandenburg  -nice  1701  a  d 82,  B5 

Prussia  after  the  partition  of  Polaud 87 


ANALYTICAL    AND    CHRONOLOGICAL    INDEX. 


MAP 

The  Prussian  monarchy  since  1807 91 

The  Prussian  monarchy  since  1816 94 

The  Prussian  monarchy  since  1866 '.'7 

The  Prussian  monarchy  since  1871 99 

Pyramids,  (The  Fit-Id  of  the) 2 

R. 

Rome.    The  vicinity  of  Rome.   (Ager  Romanus).  21 

Beginnings  of  Rome  about  750  b.  c 5 

Beginnings  of  Rome  about  550  B.  c 1 1 

The  consolidated  dominion  of  Rome  during  the 

Hellenic  Ascendency  about  300  b.  c 20 

Home  during  the  First  Punic  war 28 

Rome  at  the  end  of  the  First  Punic  war 29 

Rome  during  the  Second  Punic  war 30 

Rome  at  t lie  end  of  the  Second  Punic  war 31 

The  Roman  dominion  at  the  close  of  the  Punic 

wars 35 

The  Roman  dominion  a  century  after  the  close 

of  the  Punic  wars 36 

The  Eastern  part  of  the  Roman  dominion  during 

the  two  centuries  preceding  the  birth  of  Christ  37 

The  Roman  Ascendency 40 

The  Roman  Empire  until  395  a.  d 43 

Division  and  subdivision  of  the  Roman  Empire.  48 

Rome,  (Plan  of) 41  4.' 

Russia  under  Valadimer  the  Great,  about  980  a.d.  57 
The  grand-duchy   of  Valadimer  under  the  de- 
scendants of  his  twelve  sons 58 

The  conquest  of  Russia  by  the  Golden  Horde...  70 

Russia  during  the  17th  century Sir 

Russia  towards  the  end  of  the  18th  century 87 

The  acquisitions  of  Russia  by  the  partitions  of 

Poland 88,  89,  90 

Rus-ia  during  the  times  of  Napoleon 91 

Russia  since  1816 94,  97,  99 

s. 

Sardinia,  a  Carthaginian  possession 20,  28 

A  Roman  province  (with  Corsica)  since  237  B.C.  3(1 

A  Vandal  province  since  468  a.  11 4'.l 

A  Byzantine  possession  about  800  A.  ti ."il 

An  Arabian  possession  since  853  a.  d 57 

A  possession  of  the  German  Empire  since  1022 

(In  reality,  a  possession  of  the  town  of  1'isa)....  58 


M*P 

The  kingdom  of  Sardinia  since  1104  a.  d 63 

A  part  of  the  Aragonese  monarchy  since    1324  07 

A  part  of  the  Empire  of  Charles  V.  since  1516  78 
A  part  of   the   Empire  of  the    Habsburgs  since 

1713 82 

A  part  of  the  Sardinian  kingdom  since  1748....  85 

The  kingdom  of  Sardinia  since  1798  a.  d 91 

A  part  of  the  Sardinian   kingdom   since  1810....  94 

A  put  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy  since  1860 97,  99 

Savoy.     The  duchy  of  Savoy  about  1400  a.  d 67 

The  duchy  of  Savoy  with  Piedmont  about  1550  78 

The  duchy  of  Savoy  with  Piedmont  about  1648  80 

Savoy  with  Piedmont  and  Sicily  since  1713 82 

Savoy  with  Piedmont  and  Sardinia  since  1748..  85 

The  kingdom  of  Sardinia  since  1798 91 

The  kingdom  of  Sardinia  since  1816 94 

The  kingdom  of  Italy  in  1866 97 

The  kingdom  of  Italy  in  1871 99 

Saxony.     Settlements  of  the   Saxons  about  500  49 

Tin*  Saxons  during  the  reign  of  Clovis 50 

Settlements  of  the  Saxons  about  700  a.  d 52 

The  duchy  of  Saxony  in  960.    The  Billungs 57 

The  duchy  of  Saxony  in  1170.     The  Guelphs...  60 

The  Electorate  of  Saxony  in  1422.   The  Wettius  67 

The  Upper  and  Lower  Saxon  circles 76 

Saxony  since  1547.  The  Wettins  (younger  branch)  80 
Saxony  since    1697.     (The  Electors  also  kings  of 

Poland) ."82,  85 

The  Electorate  of  Saxony  since  1763  87 

The  kingdom  of  Saxony  since  1807.     (The  king 

of  Saxony  also  duke  of   Warsaw) 91 

The  kingdom  of  Saxony  since  1816 94 

Saxony  since  1866 97 

Saxony  in   1S71   (part  of  the  German  Empire).  99 

Scotia,  or  Ireland 55 

Seleucidse,  (Empire  of) 20 

Servia.     Since  638  a.  d.    A  principality  semi-de- 
pendent on  the  Byzantine  Empire 54 

Since  1018  a.  d.     A  Byzantine  province  57 

Since  1195  a.d.    An  independent  kingdom. ..58,  62a 
Since  1389  a.  d.     A  principality  semi-dependent 

on  the  Ottoman  Empire 67,  68 

Since   1459   a.  n.     An  Ottoman  province 69 

Since  1817  a.d.   An  hereditary  principality  semi- 
dependent  on  the  Ottoman  Empire 97,  99 

Sicily.    Colouizedby  the  Phoenicians  in  the  West  5 


HAP 

Colonized  by  the  Greeks  in  the  East 9.  1  : 

During  the  first  Punic  war 2* 

A  Roman  province  since  240  B.  c  30,  etc. 

After  the  destruction  of  the  Roman  Empire 49 

First  Arabic  conquest  since  664  a.  d 52 

A  Byzantine  province  until  880  a.  d  54 

A  province  of  the  Western  Caliphate  since  965  54 
United  with  Apulia  forming  the  Norman  king- 

dom  of  Sicily  since  1 130  a.  i> 68 

The  kingdom  of  the  Hohenstaufen  since  1191...  >. 
A  province  of  Aragonese  monarchy  since  1282  57, 
A  possession  of  the  Sp.  Babsburgs  since  L516  78 
A  possession  of  the  house  of  Savoy  since  1713...  82 
United  with  Naples  forming  the  Bourbon  king- 
dom of  the  Two  Sicilies  since  1816 

The  Bourbon  kingdom  of  Sicily  since  1798 91 

United  with  Naples  forming  the  Bourbon  king- 
dom of  the  Two  Sicilies 91 

A  province  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy  since  1 86(1... 9 7.  99 
Spanish  Peninsula.  During  the  Punic  wars...28-30 

After  the  Punic  wars 31,  3.j,  36 

During  the  1st  century  a.  d I  I 

During  the  2d,  3d,  and  4th  centuries  a.  d 43 

Since  the  division  of  the  Empire  in  395  a.  d 4s 

The  Visi-Gothic  Empire  about  500  a.  d 49 

The  Arabic  conquest  since  713  a.  d - 

The  Caliphate  of  Cordova  about  800  a.  d G  I 

The  rise  of  the  Christian  kingdoms  (950) 57 

During  the  Age  of  the  Crusades 58 

About  1400  a.d.,  (before  the  union  of  Aragon 

and  Castile) 67 

The  discoveries  of   the    Spaniards  and  Portu- 
guese in  the  15th  and  16th  centuries 71 

During  the  reign  of  Emperor  Charles  V 7~ 

During  the  17th  century '  ' 

During  the  reign  of  Philip  V.,  (the  first  of  the 

Spanish  Bourbons) 85 

During  the  times  of  Napoleon 91 

Spain  after  the  Congress  of  Vienna '-'I 

Spain  and  Portugal  in  1866 97 

Spain  and  Portugal  in  I81 1 '•' '■' 

Sparta  and  its  neighborhood,  (Plan  of)  16 

Susa,  (Plan  of  the  Ruins  of) 12 

Sweden.     During  the  12th  century 58 

Since  the  peace  of  Westphalia  in  1648,    Sweden 

in  the  zenith  of  its  glorv) 80 


XVI 


ANALYTICAL  AND  CHRONOLOGICAL  INDEX. 


MAP 

Since  the  pence  of  Nystadt  in  1721,  (the  loss  of 

the  Baltic  provinces) 87 

Since  the  Congress  of  Vienna  in   1815,  (united 
with   Norway.)     (Finland  had  been  conquered 

by  Russia  in  1809) 97 

Switzerland.     Central  Switzerland  the  scene  of 

the  Swiss  struggle  against  Habsburg GO 

Western   Switzerland   the   scene  of  the  Swiss 

struggle  against  Burgundy 67 

Switzerland  during  the  16th  century  (a  part  of 

the  German  Empire) 78 

Tin-  independent  republic  of  Switzerland  (with 

Wallis  and  Valtellinaj  since  1648 80 

The   independent  republic  of  Switzerland  dur- 
ing the  19th  century 91-99 

Syracuse,  (l'lan  of  the  city  and  harbors  of  J 34 

T. 

Tarentum,  (Plan  of  the  city  and  harbor  of) 27 

Thebes,  ( l'lan  of  the  ruins  of  Egyptian) 3 

I  Plan  01  the  Greek  town  of) la 

Thessaly,  (The  S.E.  division  of  N.  Greece) 18 

Thrace,   (To  the  north  of  the  .Egean  Sea) 13 

A  satrapy  of  the  Persian  Empire  since  60S  n.  c.  11 

A  Roman  province  since  47  a.  i> 43 

Tripolis.  (Christian  kingdom  of,  in  1162) 59 

Troy,  I  The  Field  of) H 


MAP 

Turkey,  (Ottoman  Empire.)     The  Turkish  Em- 

pire  of  Iconium  in  the  13th  century 62 

The  Ottoman  Empire  in  the  15th  century 68 

The  0.  Empire  in  its  greatest  extent  in  1682 69 

The  N.W.  boundary  of  the  Empire  about  1550...  78 

The  N.W.  boundary  of  the  Empire  about  1748..  85 

The  N.W.  boundary  of  the  Empire  about  1795....  91 

The  Turkish  Empire  in  Europe  since  1829 94 

The  Turkish  Empire  in  Europe  since  1866 97 

The  Turkish  Empire  in  Europe  since  1870 99 

u. 

United  States,  in  1783 73 

V. 

Valtellina.  From  1512  till  1797  the  South-eastern 
part    of   Switzerland    (the  upper  valley   of  the 

Adda) 80 

Vandal  Empire.     About  500  a.  d 49 

Venice.    The  Venetian  dominion  about  1400  a. i>.  67 

(  The  Morea,  although  in  reality   Venetian,  was 

generally  considered  a  province  of  the  Byzantine 

Empire.      This  is  indicated  by  giving  it  the  same 

color  as  Venice  on  Map  67,  but  green  on  Map  68.) 

The  Venetian  dominion  about  1515  A.  D 79 

The  Venetian  dominion  about  1550  a.  d 78 

The  Venetian  dom   during  the  17th  century. ..80,  81 
The  Venetian  dom.  during  the  18lh  century  ...82,  85 


MAP 

w. 

Wettin,  (The  House  of.) 
Elder  or  Ernestine  branch. 

Electors  of  Saxony  since  1422 67 

Dukes  of  Saxony  since  1547. 
Younger  or  Albertine  branch. 

Electors  of  Saxony  since  1547 80 

Electors  of  Saxony  and  kings  in  Poland  since 

1697 82,  85 

Electors  of  Saxony  since  1763 87 

Kings  of  Saxony  and  Dukes  of  Warsaw  since  1807  91 

Kings  of  Saxony  since  1815 94 

Prussian  vassal-kings  since  1866 97,  99 

Wittelsbach,  (The  House  of ) 63 

Dukes  of  Bavaria  since  1180 63 

Dukesof  Bavaria  and  Count-Palatines  since  1215  07 
Dukes  of  Bavaria  and  Elector-Palatines  since 

1270 67 

The  elderbranchEleetor-Palatines(1294-1799)  77,  82 
The  younger  branch   Dukes    of   Bavaria  since 

1294 78,82 

The  younger  branch  Electors  of  Bavaria  (1623- 

1777)  80,  82 

Union  of  all  the  Wittelsbach  territories  in  179'.l 

(  Under  Max  Josef  representing  the  elder  branch)  87 

Kings  of  Bavaria  since  1805 91 

Kings  of  Bavaria  and  the  Palatinate  since   1*16  94 

Kings  of  Bavaria  and  the  Palatinate  since  1866  97 

Prussian  vassal-kings  since  1871 99 


I 


I'H-Kt   progressive    Nfap 
CHALDAEAN      ASCENDENCY 

under  t'hetlov     l.m  mev 


A i i— 


l\  x  |>  I  a  ii  a  I  i  on 

Chaltl  fit'fttt    timjnrc   in  //.* 

rmtr.st  c.x'ttllt     is  <'<*/<>  rrti    hiitt* 


- 


Second  progressive    Map 
EGYPTIAN    ASCKXDKNCY 

under  Rxitne*  <  v  // 


111 

T 1 1  i  i  ■  1 1    pro tfre  s  s  rvc    Map 
\SSYR1AN    ASCENDENCY 

it  n<i </■     Jxslutr        fut  it  i        pa  I 


u*>       :<>"     3tH  ,  .  ,i„  _ 

1  ■  ■  ■      ""(''» 


ini^i-cssivc     Mill) 

GREAT   POWERS 


In  tt  i  a  ns 
Da  rictus 
1    iichuvfttts   and    Afolian 


VIII 

BELLAS 

.ma 

PELOPOXNKSrS 


X 


ITALY 

during   the    peg  a] 
d  . 


X 





5-^ 


*. 

8 

= 

5   ^ 

i — 

1    fl     a 

c 

•     ■     ft 

c 

eh 

■x 

h 

- 

._= 

•    c 

\'II 


ROME  &  CARTHAGE 

///     f/tf>    t>/ir?  of 

fhf  first    Jfunir  rrnr- 


Mil 


he  Wcatcrn  />r,ri  of  i/«- 

O.MAN  DOMINION 

iti     Utr     tlase    t>l'  f/fi 
Pitr/ir    It't/r.r 


XIV 


XV 


Seventh  progressiva  Map 

THE  ROMAN  ASCEBDEHCl 
dm-iny  die  first  CeiUmyAJ) 


The   h'i/niifn    "Empire  is  colored 

\  r  I  la  it ' 


The  white       Spot 
i.t  eal/irtjetl  on  -A' 


/  Tr  lit  fir  nf<  J'l/JI  tcr 

Z        ■  June 

3  Jgrttriunt 

4  TkmpU  at  Sttitr* 

■S        ■         -    Conrfnl 

6  TuUtuittt  m 

',  'I'lir  iir,! 

B  7%e  Senate  Bail 

.0  Temple  tf.it 
Hi  Faiutn   hii.riitett 

it  f',ir*-tiin  f>-i.ri/tr,i 

n  Trniflrt't' t'eltctfr 

'fkmitum 


II  .leiiej t'enattum 
U  Ar,lrj)ulu 

It,'  //flwt/juflj  hortr 

fl  Theeolt. 

UT.aff 

I?  liraeexulneit 

•'•'  JaUai  It ii riniM 

7/    JeUej  Out" 

Uinerru 
Z2  Aeiir*  f&ttai 

ZS  ra&mni  ijttir 


XVI 


Tlu'Bosj>ui'us 

and 
Canstantinople 


fcjfere  ftg  ggn  '/■"  rt 


ITALY 

durtity  tin' 

Empire 
The  /■/  tUrtrid 

ttrr    wtirkrti 


XVII 

Division  &  Subdivision  of  the 

ROMAN  EMPIRE 

since  395  .1.1). 

The  tjreeft    h'rii pi i-r    •■*  iiihifr,! 
The  Latin  Bmpiix    i*tmtor**\    Ww 

The  H'^khii-    ^'Iift'lr    /Ae   >if>ee*e* 


XVIII 


XIX 


The    division    <>l"  tlie 

FKAXKISH    EMPIRE 

in5B7  A.D 


XX 


Eighth  progressive   nxap 
AKAMC  ASCENDENCY 

under   (*iltf>h    Wirfai    /. 


V)  xplana  tioai    of    colors 

The  Chri.situn  world     is  colored   ycUo 
Tile  Heathen   world,   ts  colored,     yrcm 

The  Ataham  mtdau    world   is  colored    /'■'' 


XXI 


XXII 


XXIII 


Sultanate  of 

Iconium 


XXIV 

EUROPE 

durliLg  the    Ci  °'  Century 

'Die  Ao>  of  Ow  drasaxLes 

biuM 

Thr poaae&iian*  vl'tlie  TluntuurnH*  iii  JlfiOar,  Itm-d 
The  f'ffftn/in  h'rnptre  u   coloret!  f,Ln.n 
The  Christian  states   in the  EuM  ttrr  aljontfhtue 
'flu-  h'vzuiitinr  Kinpu-c    tJ  cdtweft     ief/o\r 

The  Western  CdtiphtUe  ie  colored  green 
The  KtisU-rn   CutipUntr    i.y  Intni  armmn 


XXV 


XXVI 


//..  /„■,,./,/.,,;,     //„..M-r*v,„„.v 

colored  tfrwn 


XXVIII 


WESTERN  EUROPE 
about  1400  A  D 

English  dominion  hlustuzes 

.1i/tii/tiirt/'   rrii  hnv-\ 

Fbcnch  dominion  red 
.  t/tt/'i  in  dominion 
Araaonese  dominion  brown 
In.  ventburrj  possessions  hint, 
Bdftffbiwzr possessions  pui'pin 

The  lt/tmr,vi>t'thr   \TVrn  tirt'/O/f* 

ies arr  it/t//rr/t//f//. 

Thr fhiun/hil  fhuJiH-.sm  Herman} 

iuv  written  m  Caps. 


kni;i,\vi) 


L«    M'" 


%  Win 

r...l,rlrr 


.      lu-.^iry 
-J*/** ''/'''  Oi.H.rr.vtvr         ! 

tT    4^     />/"'/'-        Winrhnr/rA 

,„.,.:%■*■ - 


PHANCE.1        ii.i.  iiy      K .1 

fienuuwn        "' '  % 

.      i;rfii;rsin 


/" .1     A;«t,«»A 

•,,        «'« J,:,i,,.„,         "       //„„/  ,.,  - 

.-.,.. "-si:'v:r  —         i-'v  SSIA 


I, 


We%& 


&+m£     ':::;  % 


I"  \   o    Tin-   Milanese 

\lJ.'"l'lllW'.    ,x.         .,/,/.,„ 


uy.vxswu  «.    /      , ,...., .  vi:i'",; 

l\l.ll;,l,.|„,,... 


- 

FraJtefonl 


./       r.     1. 1 1  s, i  I  i.i 


•s 


1/  11/  \  I  I 
ti.nl,,,.,, 

Ir,,,,',,- 

Bamberg 


POLAND 


l,;,l,y*;,„  y  Brum.      S<> 


n.  /,',/,/  .*■/.:,**, 


iri,,,-r  ^ 


jfrT^lkr'""'         /^l-r 


Aicilia 

!■ 


\       Morr.V,    TT^ 


X.XIX 


XXX 


7//,  (.nil',,. 
STLAWRENCE 
CantimiiitiDR  n/  V 


\\\l 


;     >     t     I     ;     ~.     t 


XXXII 


ETJUOPE 

in.  164-8 

Peace  oEWestpJialia 


C  i  pel  i.i 

ll',7„, 


XXXII! 

Sfianuih  )lnt.*i.<,r:„ 

Ilohm-zellrrn  fro**.  t,l*tr 
Stu-nr    pn**  y&tlfW 

t'ranrr  red 

rcn*ff  -  i  r/Ze*  tinm 

to  la  ntl 


|    Tht*    map  lUtuAriilr.t  ulro  iht 
Sarnd itt  u vo  -  Sel&vtrmu  n  wutj 
Ysknr      l   u/,/lrr  n'nrlr'  -r.  XT  and  11T 

J.ivoiiia  ; 


jjf 

^  Atntjlrti&h 

_ 

Jjy                 x 

f1   ~ 

, 

-';  \Ronia"s"»a|- 


XXXIV 


— — — 


«    In 


I>()  LAN  I) 


E  V  rt  O  I*  E     i.v   1713. 

I'i'ace    of*     Utr«-<M 
House  a/'Son>-htm     AW      l  Gurlpht  K'  *  Ihtei 

Vjni'it4,'t  BauHwttJ  -'  ~    |  HvhetitoUrr-n    hbiM 


Comi'IhiuL 
•  into* 


XXXV 

El'UOPK  i.n  1718 

,  Peace  of  Aix  la  Cham-He. 


KI'SSIA 

?.u-/,,/„r 

Ftvpouk 

Trri-nii/iOiO  . 


XXXVI 

b'rrnvi,     l^/.uhltr  h'tul 

The  /foit-Tf      of  KiOMOUfg  Purplr 

'i              ■•                    (>tli I ftha  Ktv.r    line* 

hk-    IIt>h/nsf.ollcrii  I'li/e 

h              i              <f   WUtaUbcLch  Oruntjf 

n             ■              ,    WvlliH  Orange  lines 
-   OliitnLury 

oUfjerhrawA  turn, 

Vuu  nfftrhft  Grgfjl  titles 


The    three    Partitions  of  Poland 


HI'.\C:A11Y  tvkkkyi 


WWII. 


T»r„ 

[RELA  N  I)  '  'I'-') 


f             Tnrttl 

■ 

vVmon/urril 

V*     \ 

XXXVIII 


Kl'ROPK     IX     1HH>.  Congress  of   Vienna 


- 


Hue  rf  /;.,-.*...,   f.-r./ 

Jtahnn   !■ 

Gtuipkt  Klur      i'*ew 

/Mrrixo/f,-//,  IU-' 

TeOne 

H'lt/rUhnah         ftwyi 
ll'rf/t  i,  "r-anw      l.nr.v 

l>rmt,ui  i.  Ctt-em- 


XXXIX 


eubope  a  mm 

Peace  of  Prag'ur. 


EUROPE 

IN       I  S  7  I   . 

■ 


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SCANDINAVIA 


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-§ 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 

This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


REC'O  ID 
" 


MAR  I 
APR 


Ultl 


6^1 


REC'D  LDUMI 


MAR 26  #79 


fi,    MAY  2  6 1978 


0 

ttMJffi" 


**Cfc 


APR 


Q*c 


°£pr. 


ifPf 


■?s 


URC 

1  5  1979 


Form  L9-Serii 


Lilh 

573 


